During the 2017 cryptocurrency boom, a flood of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) swept the market. A significant number of these, including MinerSale, led by Estonian citizen Raitis Kaucis, have raised serious concerns. Reports suggest that MinerSale, along with the vast majority of these ICOs, involved business models that were either non-functional or outright fraudulent, leading to the loss of substantial investor funds. The MinerSale website has since vanished